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The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a huge concrete pad that provides really necessary support. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The crane's mast is usually a triangulated lattice structure that measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a motor and a gear that enable the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized in order to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the tower crane has a maximum reach of seventy meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized in order to assemble the machinery part of the crane and the jib. These sections are then attached to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Crawler cranes and forklifts can be some of the other industrial machinery that is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. After that, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.
Using a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before utilizing the machinery, carry out a pre-shift check. OSHA guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists have to be performed each day or every shift. Every different machinery and its attachments has its own checklist listing lights, emergency brakes, brakes, steering, horn, controls and safety features.
2 When starting up the equipment and check the controls, it is essential to make sure that the seatbelt is fixed firmly and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look beneath the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a regular motor vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift occurs due to the fact that the truck steers with its rear wheels. Disregarding this fact is a major cause of injuries and accidents to workers. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels should be made with great caution. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or transporting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks near the ground when traveling. Utilize care when approaching loads. Be certain the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load just as high as is needed, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is so bulky that it interferes with driver vision.
5 Check the wheels on trailers/trucks prior to unloading and loading. Do not travel on slopes, particularly when carrying a load. The machine can tip over on a slope. When driving on a slope is unavoidable, always drive up the slope and back down. The load must be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The forklift operator should always be in firm control at all times. Tipping over is the main reason for operator injuries. The operator must never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest method is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
